Two other things you can try:
1. Right click your desktop, hover over Arrange Icons By, then tick Show Desktop Icons.
or...
2. It may be that Explorer is not starting, so press Ctrl+Alt+Del to get Task Manager, then File > New Task (run) and type 'explorer.exe' (without the quotation marks) and see if it fires up. If that works, then you have a problem with explorer.exe which we will need to investigate further.